Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 2, 2012

We aimed to clarify the status and causes of mortality and to provide a general strategy to increase the longevity and improve human health. Mortality rate of under 5 years old is an important indicator of development in different communities and reveals their life quality. It was a case – control study, data was collected from all deaths of under five years that had been recorded in rural areas of Ahwaz city (104 deaths) in 2009, which was named the case group. The control group was selected with the same birth date, age and residence for each case group. Data was collected through questionnaire. We had collected death certificates from health centers. Data has entered by SPSS software (version 17) & data was performed using T – test and chi- square test. In this study, 53.5% of mortality had occurred in the neonatal period, 32.7% in one-month to one-year and 13.9% in one-year to five- years. The most important causes of death were fetal growth (30.4%), respiratory system anomalies (18.6%) and cardiovascular anomalies (10.8%) respectively. The findings reported a significant correlation between child mortality with the father's education and family class. Statistical tests did not show a significant correlation between mother's educations, number of ideal children, mean income and preferring boys with children mortality correlate. Improving pregnancy care, prevention of preterm deliveries, increasing health knowledge of mothers about infant care, changing the Socio-Economic status, educational intervention programs for high risk groups, preparing a medical team for premature births, NICU equipment as well as promote public education may have an effective role in reducing mortality among newborns and infants.

Musculoskeletal disorders have devoted a high percentage of occupational injuries and is one of the leading causes of occupational injuries and disabilities in industrialized and developing countries. The aims of this study were to evaluate exposure of musculoskeletal disorders risk factors by quick exposure check (QEC) technique and to determine prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and their risk factors. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 male workers from a metal structure manufacturing factory that was selected by census method. Data were collected using demographic and Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (NMQ) and QEC (Quick Exposure Check) form. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 16. The level of significance was set at P < 0/05.

The means of age and job tenure in subjects were 32.17±5.81 and 9.02±5.88 years, respectively. Prevalence of WMSDs in the last 12 months was 53/5%. The results indicated that WMSDs risk level among studied workers was high. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant association between age, BMI and QEC risk level of musculoskeletal disorders occurrence.

based on the findings of the present study, risk level and prevalence of WMSDs were high among the workers which had significant correlation. According to the results of this study and regression modeling, it is essential to identify WMSDs contributory factors and implement ergonomic solutions to reduce or eliminate risk of disorders.

As dyes are the most important pollutants of many industrial wastewaters. A large amount of Reactive Black 5 enters the environment in Iran because of the use of this dye in Iran's textile industries, so the goal of this study was to survey the Catalytic Ozonation process with Bone Char in removal of Reactive Black 5 dye from synthetic wastewater. Methods and Materials: In this experimental study Bone Char(BC) was prepared under laboratory conditions using of electrical furnace at 800°C for 2h.The prepared BC was crushed and pulverized by standard ASTM sieves at range of 10 to16 mesh. The chemical composition and solid structure of BC was analyzed using X-ray diffraction and measurement of the surface area was carried out by N2 gas adsorption via BET(Brouner Emmet Teller) isotherm. The concentration of dye was measured by photometric method at 600nm wave length. A set with 4 L/min inlet flow rate was used for ozonating to produce 5 gram ozone at hour. As results showed predominant composition of BC is CaO. The BC surface area is 92.5m2/g. The results of this study showed that increasing of initial dye concentration and pH would lead to decrease of removal of RB5 dye. All of RB5 dye was removed at lapse of 40 minute. Bone char is a cheap and suitable catalyst that can be used in water and wastewater treatment. Based on optimum pH=10 found for the removal of RB5 and the fact that many of textile industrial wastewaters have an alkaline pH, this process can be suitable for the removal of dyes from these industrial. wastewaters.

Intestinal parasitic infections are still a major health problem in semi- developing countries. The aim of the present study was studying the frequency of intestinal parasites in patients referred to the central laboratory of Great Dezful hospital. Methods and Materials: This was a retrospective cross sectional study and the results were collected from the medical records central laboratory of Great hospital in Dezful. Stool samples of 10326 patients were examined macroscopically for any proglottids or adult worms and using direct smear method for protozoa and ova of helminthes. 5224 (50.6%) patients were male and 5102 (49.4%) were female. 643 (6.2%) out of 10326 patients were infected with protozoa and helminthes. The rate of infection with Giardia lamblia was 3.2%, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 2%, Entamoeba coli 0.3%, Trichomonas hominis 0.3%, Blastocystis hominis 0.2%, Hymenolepis nana 0.09%,, Strongyloides stercoralis 0.04%, Enterobius vermicularis 0.04%, Iodamoeba butschelli 0.03% and Taenia saginata 0.03%. In- spite of advancements in hygienic facilities and significant reduction of parasitic infection, some of the parasites that were transferred directly such as G.lamblia, S.stercoralis, E.vermicularis, H.nana and those that were transferred through cow meat such as T.saginata are still prevalent in this region.

Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disorders in the world. It is estimated as many as 4-5 billion people, 66-68% of the world population may be iron deficient and also two billion people, over 30%, anemic, mainly due to iron deficiency. Thus, the aim of this study was educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice on Baneh girl students about iron deficiency anemia. Methods and Materials: This interventional study was conducted on 300 girl students (150 in interventional and 150 in control groups) they were selected randomly. The data was gathered by using a questionnaire that included demographic information and questions related to knowledge, attitude and practice (K.A.P). These variables were evaluated on the control and interventional group after 1 – 1.5 months to comprise the effect of the program on the students. Results showed that there wasn’t a significant difference between K.A.P in study groups before implementation of educational intervention, but there was a significant difference between K.A.P after educational intervention in the interventional group. The comparison of different knowledge, attitude and practice scores showed that the education has improved K.A.P. In addition, there was a significant relation between father and mother education, father and mother job, usage of the iron tablet, family volume and family’s monthly income with their knowledge, attitude and practice. By increasing the knowledge about iron deficiency anemia, it can be reduced and also the health status can be promoted among the girl students.

Inappropriate feeding grounds for many common diseases such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This study was conducted to determine knowledge, attitude and nutrition and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) was to allow students using data and recognize the status quo and in order to increase awareness, attitude and nutrition of students and strengthen The indicators and to plan for medical university students.Methods and Materials: This was a cross sectional study which included 250 subjects (148 female and 102 male) (125 of them where in first year and 125 in fourth) randomly selected among 1500 studens. Individuals with specific diseases affecting BMI were excluded. Height and weight were measured, and the students body mass indexes were obtained and BMI percentiles were compared with America Center Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The data was collected and analized by software11.5SPSS. In this review the knowledge and attitude there was a significant realationship between the knowledge of first fourth year students (p 0/05). In the BMI= 9/24-5/18 group in the first year and fourth year knowledge, attitude and performance was significantly related to nutrition. In 5 / 18> BMI and BMI = 9/29- 25 groups only significant relationship of awareness was found. Due to inadequate performance of nutrition in students and the significant relationship of BMI with students knowledge and attitudes, it is necessary to provide the proper nutritional program and lifestyle modification and nutritional topics for students was are continuing their education.

Absence of nutritional knowledge is one of the most important reasons of nutritional deficiencies. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices of women about iron deficiency anemia in Yazd and Orumiyeh. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was performed on 298 and 242, 15-49 year- old women in Yazd and Orumiyeh, respectively. Questionnaires were prepared to collect the participant's knowledge on iron source foods, iron deficiency anemia and vulnerable groups, enhancer and inhibitor factors of iron absorption in foods, and also attitude and practice on iron deficiency anemia and consumption of iron supplements. Data were analyzed by using the Chi square test and SPSS 11.5/ver. 15% of the participants in Yazd and 17/5% of the participants in Orumiyeh had weak knowledge. In both cities more than 70 % of the participants had weak knowledge about iron source foods. In Yazd 17.6 % and in Orumiyeh 34% of women with Iron deficiency anemia history, never consume iron supplements in their treatment period. Knowledge and practice levels of women in both cities about iron deficiency anemia were not acceptable. To improve nutritional knowledge and practice, nutritional education with focus on iron source foods seems necessary.

Medical errors have an important role in the patient’s safety. Every year many people die or are maimed for ever by these errors. The present study examines personality, cognitive, organizational and physical variables as predictors in Ahvaz hospitals as training centers for nurses. Methods and Materials: This is a discretive and cross sectional study. The sample consisted of 200 nurses who were selected randomly by a multi step cluster sampling method. The subjects were divided into two groups (nurses with and without medical errors). Nurses were examined by related scales. In order to analyze the data, a discriminate analysis was achieved and SPSS 17 was used. The results confirmed this hypothesis. On the other hand, findings proved the fact that the medical errors that occur can be predicted from personality, cognitive, organizational and physical variables. Step wise analysis indicates that predicting rets of medical error were strongly dependent on cognative failures, interpersonal conflict and workload. Personality, cognitive, organizational and physical variables have an important role in medical errors which occur and controling these variables can decrease the rate of medical errors.